The Power of a Chart

Tony Malmberg • 28 November 2020

Discovering Enhanced Profitability through Holistic Planned Grazing

Image of Holistic Planned Grazing Chart marked up by hand

Grazing planning leads us through many complex relationships and will result in greater profitability. Allan Savory brought this planning process from the military battlefield, where chaos and confusion reign if the commander cannot rise above the fray and see the complexity unfolding. Aligning our efforts to influence complex relationships toward more diversity and more complexity remains a critical factor in achieving regeneration.


Holistic Planned Grazing considers time, space, animals, knowledge, skill, infrastructure, cash, logistics, and other factors in moving toward our future resource base. Holistic Planned Grazing is one of the best ways to empower decisions at the soil surface.

Quantifying Risk

A variable sensitivity analysis projects the probable value of each variable, in each enterprise, resulting in a gross profit for that enterprise. Then we take one variable at a time and enter the best case and the worst case of that single variable, noting how that affects the gross profit. Once we have completed this for each variable, we will note there are only one or two variables that significantly affect the gross margin. This informs us where to focus our time and money for the best marginal reaction to manage risk.


Often, the stocking rate and hay fed per cow are in the top tier of risk management. Grazing planning addresses both factors.

Dollars, pounds, euros, pesos and rands, bleed from our coffers when we are feeding hay. Ranching for Profit says that no matter where you go in North America, the average ranch feeds hay for 120 days. We can drive our creativity by following the Five Why’s to explore the root cause of the problem of feeding from a haystack. Most likely it will come down to the fact that we are not mimicking nature.


A big part of my problem came from being overwhelmed by a bad winter. I moved to Twin Creek Ranch in September 1978, which was the second worst winter on record. In fact, my first 5 years on that ranch included three of the top five all time worst winters. I had it grilled into my psyche that I would feed from November to mid-May, or 175 days. Perceptions are hard to forget.

Mimic Nature

I have slowly dug my way out of that psychological snow drift but it hasn’t been easy. Holistic Management and Ranching for Profit urges us to mimic nature. The first step in that direction will be in moving our calving date out of the blizzard and into the sunshine. That means breeding around June 21, the longest day of the year in the northern hemisphere, when grass peaks in quality. Calving would start around April 1.


The second step will be in downsizing our cow’s frame size, so she isn’t burning through a half bale of hay a day just for maintenance. Once we get these demands off the cow’s back, we can help her be a cow again. After all, what sense is there in carrying feed to an animal that has four legs and a mouth? This doesn’t mean we cast her into the wilderness to fend for herself. We don’t want our animals to be dependent but a little interdependence can set her up for success.

Dormant Season Grazing Plan

Her success hinges on having a full belly every day. The primary objective of a dormant season grazing plan rations the feed so we don’t run out before the green grass comes. Getting a solid estimate of stock days can be achieved through several different angles. First, we have historical use records, which provide our average production. Second, we do several visual squares estimating how much area we need to feed one cow for one day.


An Example In Kilograms & Hectares...

A 450 kg animal needs 13.5 kg of dry matter per day. Imagine a half bale of hay or a bin liner about the size of a rumen. If we step off 7 m by 7 m needed to feed that cow for one day, we have 49 square meters. Take 10,000 square meters in a hectare divided by the area estimated to feed one livestock unit, or 49 square meters in this example, equals 204 animal days per hectare, or 3,040 kg per hectare of harvestable forage.


An Example In Pounds & Acres...

A 1,000 pound animal needs 30 pounds of dry matter per day. Imagine a half bale of hay or a garbage sack about the size of a rumen. If we step off 8 yards by 8 yards needed to feed that cow for one day, we have 64 square yards. Take 4,840 square yards in an acre divided by the area estimated to feed one stock unit, or 64 square yards in this example, equals 75.6 stock days per acre, or 2,268 pounds per acre of harvestable forage.

Strip Grazing in Metres and Hectares

Strip grazing will give us very quick feedback for our stocking rate projections. Let’s say our pasture is 400 m wide and we move our fence five steps. That’s 400 m X 5 m = 2,000 square meters, 0.2 of a hectare.


Our forage assessment suggests we have 159 animal days per hectare X 0.2 ha = 32 animal days of forage available in the strip.


If we have 30 cows, weighing 472 kg, there are 31.5 livestock units. (472 kg / 450 kg X 30 animals = 31.5 livestock units).


When we come back the next day and they have little residual and are bawling, we know we overestimated the amount of forage available. So, we move them and give them eight steps, or 400 m x 8 m = 3,200 square meters, or 0.3 of a hectare.


If we come back the next day and there is plenty of residual left and the cattle are lying down and content, we can dial it back. Strip grazing can give us very quick feedback on animal days of forage per hectare.


Strip Grazing in Yards and Acres

Strip grazing will give us very quick feedback for our stocking rate projections. Let’s say our pasture is 440 yards wide and we move our fence 5 steps. That’s 440 yards X 5 yards = 2,200 square yards, or 0.455 of an acre.


Our forage assessment suggests we have 70 animal days per acre X 0.455 acre = 32 animal days of forage available in the strip.


If we have 30 cows, weighing 1050 pounds, there are 31.5 livestock units. (1050 pounds / 1000 pounds X 30 animals = 31.5 livestock units).


When we come back the next day and they have little residual and are bawling, we know we overestimated the amount of forage available. So, we move them and give them eight steps, or 440 yards x 8 yards = 3,520 square yards, or about 0.73 of an acre.


If we come back the next day and there is plenty of residual left and the cattle are lying down and content, we can dial it back. Strip grazing can give us very quick feedback on animal days of forage per acre.

Grazing Snow

This method of grazing gives our animals an edge too. Graziers in Canada showed us that snow tends to stay soft until animals walk through, then it freezes up. By moving a temporary electric fence for one-day's feed, we keep the snow soft and a cow will plunge their head through a foot or two (30 to 60 cm) of snow and pull up a mouthful of grass.


The second benefit will be a more constant level of nutrition. When animals go into a pasture, the quality begins to decline on day one. The longer we are grazing the less quality feed they are getting. By moving daily, or every three to five days we can keep the level of nutrition more constant.


Know Your Context

We live in the Pacific Northwest and can get nasty ice conditions. We bale some of our stockpiled feed and leave the thousand-pound  (450 kg) round bales in the field to bale graze if we get those conditions. They are fed in the strip bale-grazing manner so we don’t need to start an engine or carry feed to the animals. If we don’t get the ice conditions, we can put our calving cows or grass finishing beef animals to balance the high protein washy grass in spring on the bales. A dormant season grazing plan can greatly reduce the amount of hay we feed, while reducing the cost of what we do feed.


Increasing Stocking Rates

It takes planning to have good quantity and quality feed stockpiled. That begins with a growing season grazing plan, which plans to harvest as much sunlight energy as possible. The growing season grazing plan improves plant vigor, increases plant density, increases plant diversity, and improves the mineral cycle. All of these factors improve soil health, which improves grass quantity and nutrient value, as we increase our stocking rate.

Webinar 10th of December 2020

What is your best leverage to increasing profit in a grazing operation? I will address this topic in a webinar on the 10th of December 2020, at 8 PM London.

Register for Webinar

Enhancing Profitability


I’m partnering with two exceptional women - Sheila Cooke from the 3LM Network in the UK and Abbey Kingdon Smith from the Jefferson Center for Holistic Management in the Northwest of the United States to offer a virtual course in Holistic Planned Grazing the first few months of 2021. This collaboration allows us to provide content and experiences from and to those in many different contexts so that we can guide anyone interested in discovering how to enhance profitability through Holistic Planned Grazing. 


Wherever you are, join us for a physical distanced, socially engaged course in Holistic Planned Grazing on Sundays, from January 31 through April 11, 2021.

More Information About Training Register for Training
by Glen Burrows 16 April 2025
Why Easter Marks the Start of the EOV Season!
by Glen Burrows 15 April 2025
What Are Indicators? The terms "leading" and "lagging indicators" originate from systems theory and are widely used in economics. In this context, leading indicators give clues about where the economy is going, while lagging indicators show us what has already happened. A classic leading indicator is the number of new job advertisements. If companies are posting lots of job openings, it usually means they expect business to grow soon — a sign the economy may be about to improve. A well-known lagging indicator is the unemployment rate. When the economy slows down, businesses take time to react, and layoffs often happen after the downturn has already begun. So while job ads can warn of change, unemployment confirms it has already occurred. Indicators in Ecology In ecology, particularly within Holistic Management, the same principles apply. Leading and lagging indicators help land managers respond to environmental changes more effectively. Ecological Outcome Verification (EOV) Ecological Outcome Verification (EOV) offers a structured framework for monitoring ecological health using both leading and lagging indicators. Classic leading indicators in EOV include: Dung distribution – shows how effectively animals are using the landscape, which relates to grazing impact. Litter cover – refers to plant material covering the soil surface, helping retain moisture and build organic matter. Soil capping – early signs of water infiltration issues and surface degradation. Classic lagging indicators in EOV include: Soil carbon content – a long-term measure of soil health Biodiversity (plant species richness) – reflects broader ecological balance, but responds slowly to changes in management. Water infiltration rates – reveal soil structure and function after long-term management effects. Leading indicators offer subtle, early signals that help land stewards adjust management in real time. Lagging indicators provide essential long-term feedback but often appear only after major changes have occurred. The Human Condition as a Lagging Indicator Human beings have been remarkably successful in inhabiting every climatic region on Earth, not through biological adaptation alone, but by modifying environments with tools, clothing, shelter, agriculture, and technology. This resilience has allowed us to thrive well beyond the natural carrying capacity of local ecosystems. By importing resources, controlling temperature, and artificially generating food and water, we have effectively decoupled our survival from the immediate health of our environments. However, this very success has dulled our sensitivity to ecological feedback. Because we buffer ourselves from natural limits, we often fail to notice when those limits are being breached. Our ability to override early warnings with technology — irrigation, fertilisers, antibiotics, global supply chains — means we no longer feel the signals of stress in ecosystems. In the past, poor soil meant failed crops and hunger, prompting quick behavioural change. Now, consequences are delayed, but not avoided. This resilience is deceptive. It creates the illusion of stability while ecological degradation accumulates in the background. By the time problems become visible — mass species extinction, collapsing insect populations, polluted waterways, declining soil fertility — critical thresholds may have already been crossed. Our responses come too late, often reactive rather than adaptive. Technology extends our comfort, but dulls our ecological sensitivity. Instead of being part of the feedback loop, we exist outside it — until the damage is undeniable. That is why human behaviour now functions as a lagging indicator. We wait for catastrophe before we act. A Flawed Operating System This lag is rooted in our worldview. Modernity, grounded in dualism and industrial logic, sees humans as masters of nature, not participants within a living whole. It encourages control, prediction, and efficiency over perception, humility, and adaptability. This mindset dulls our ecological senses. It overrides our capacity for intuitive, embodied responsiveness. It privileges measurable outputs over relational awareness. As a result, we are systemically insensitive to leading indicators. We miss the bare soil, the collapsed microbial life, the vanishing pollinators — until their absence disrupts our daily lives. In Holistic Management, trained observers — called monitors — are taught to read the land not only through long-term trends but through its moment-to-moment language. What would it mean for us, collectively, to read the Earth in this way? The Potential of Conscious Adaptation While we currently lag, we don’t have to. The beauty of holistic systems — and of life itself — is that they can be trained to respond more intelligently, more attentively, and more quickly. We can become leading indicators. We can tune into early signs of imbalance. We can feel into the edges of complexity before they fracture. We can act, not react. This shift begins with a new internal operating system, one that Holistic Management helps develop. When we define a Holistic Context for our lives, families, organisations, or communities, we begin making decisions rooted in long-term integrity rather than short-term gain. The health of soil, water, people, and purpose are no longer competing interests but interconnected essentials. This isn’t about idealism — it’s about function. It’s about survival through wholeness. Learning to Sense Again Our capacity to live regeneratively depends on our capacity to sense. Not just to measure or model, but to develop a more reliable holistic impression of nature.To be in a new relationship. To notice, to the best of our emergent abilities the nature of the wind, the soil, the plants, the insects and creatures, the changing seasons. In this way, our technological ingenuity isn’t the problem — our disconnection is. Perhaps the next evolution of human intelligence isn’t in artificial intelligence or global policy, but in restoring our capacity for attuned, holistic sensing — the kind of awareness a good grazer has, or a river shifting course to find flow. A Final Reflection The ecological crises we face today aren’t just about pollution or carbon. They are symptoms of a deeper crisis of responsiveness. We are not behaving as if we are part of the living system. We’re lagging, watching from the outside, narrating collapse like a documentary. But we can wake up. We can step back into the loop. Just as a landscape can recover when the right indicators are observed and the right context is held, so too can we — as individuals and as a species — become wise stewards of our place within the whole. If human behaviour is currently a lagging indicator, then the great challenge — and opportunity — of our time is to become a leading one.  The very tool that enabled our extraordinary resilience — technology — can now be repurposed to restore our sensitivity and responsiveness. Rather than standing apart from nature, we can become an active part of it once again, adapting in real time and accelerating ecological recovery faster than passive rewilding alone ever could.
by Glen Burrows 11 April 2025
…But Were Afraid to Ask
by Glen Burrows 4 April 2025
What are the Context Checks and how do we use them?
by Glen Burrows 4 April 2025
WEBINAR  Growing Rich with Nature – A Special Film Screening with 3LM
by Glen Burrows 31 March 2025
Agroforestry with Pigs: A Woodland Enterprise Model We explore the role of pigs in regenerating and maintaining woodland whilst generating income -- please find the recording & transcript below
by Glen Burrows 27 March 2025
The Foundation of Holistic Management
by Glen Burrows 21 March 2025
How the Four Ecosystem Processes Work Together
by Glen Burrows 14 March 2025
At its core, Holistic Management is about making decisions that align with long-term ecological health, economic viability, and social well-being, no matter where on earth.
by Glen Burrows 14 March 2025
Complexity creates stability in community dynamics
More posts